Several conditions can affect squamous mucosa, including infections, irritation, inflammation, and cancer. The most common type of cancer that arises from squamous mucosa is called squamous cell carcinoma , which develops when squamous cells become abnormal and invade nearby tissues. When these tissues are injured, they can become inflamed, compromising their function and potentially leading to severe health issues. Understanding the causes of mucosal injury , its impact on cells, and the long-term effects of inflammation is essential for preventing and managing tissue damage. Mechanisms of neoepitope formation . The formation of neoepitopes arises as a consequence of various types of insults that generate ER stress, ROS, and/or inflammatory cytokines in the affected tissue. In this exploratory study, we examined the presence of a defined circulating ECM signature following an inflammatory insult in humans and the potential use of ECM neo-epitopes as biomarkers of disease severity in sepsis. Upon successful formation of a TCR – MHC – peptide complex, a signal cascade triggers apoptosis and death of the recognized tumor cell. Elucidating each of the major components of this process has been enabled by recent developments in next-generation sequencing. We propose a model of chronic intestinal inflammation to assess the relative contributions of mucosal barrier integrity, M cell transcytosis of luminal microbes, and inducible lymphoid tissues. Inflammatory polyps in the colon can be caused by any condition that leads to prolonged inflammation or tissue injury. For example, people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) are more likely to develop inflammatory polyps, especially in the rectum. Chronic inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis) or stomach (gastritis) can lead to intestinal metaplasia , a cellular change in the tissues. The cells in the lining of the stomach or esophagus change to resemble the tissues that line the intestines. This cellular change is a precursor to cancer.