Reconstruction and restoration are two key concepts affecting monuments as both aesthetic subjects and as historical sources of art history. They are closely correlated, but while reconstruction does not mean physical activity exclusively, restoration is always a technical intervention, in con-trast primarily to the simple conservation of. The Athens Charter influenced the creation of the Venice Charter (1964). According to the Venice Charter for the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites, the conservation and restoration of monuments must have recourse to all the sciences and techniques which can contribute to the study and safeguarding of the architectural heritage. Poland’s historical monuments show us, therefore, one way in which the country has prevented her enemies from digesting her and another in which history, art, and the cultural temper have combined to preserve the nation.
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